Skip to main content

Beta-lactams

Beta-lactams are an essential antibiotic drug class produced by both fermentation and synthetic methods. Their unique reactivity enables the generation of novel compounds for pharmaceutical applications.

Beta-lactams are an important class of compounds in biological and synthetic chemistry. They are commonly used as antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Beta-lactams work by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins that are crucial for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Most beta-lactams are produced by fermentation or modification of fermented intermediates, except for carbapenems and aztreonam which require synthetic routes.

The reactivity of the beta-lactam ring has been widely studied, making it a useful substrate in synthetic organic chemistry. The ring can be opened through various reactions to generate new biologically relevant compounds. Efficient synthesis of new beta-lactams can be achieved from amidines using promoters like bismuth, indium, and copper salts. Diverse C4-N-substituted beta-lactams can also be prepared by nucleophilic reactions. A commonly used method in beta-lactam chemistry is the Ketene-Imine Staudinger Reaction.


Bibliography:

Zerong, Daniel, Wang. (2023). The Chemistry and Biology of Beta-Lactams.   doi: 10.1201/9781003330288

(2023). Enzymatic biosynthesis of β-lactam antibiotics.   doi: 10.1016/b978-0-443-19059-9.00007-4

Japheth, O., Ombito, and, Girija, S., Singh. (2019). Recent Progress in Chemistry of β-Lactams. Mini-reviews in Organic Chemistry,  doi: 10.2174/1570193X15666180914165303

Bimal, K., Banik., Alberto, Boretti. (2021). Hypotheses for synthesis of novel chiral beta-amino-beta-lactams through amidines.   doi: 10.1016/J.RECHEM.2021.100158

Rajneesh, Kaur., Divya, Tripathi., Kuldeep, Singh., Raman, Singh. (2018). Recent advances in β-lactam chemistry.  J. Integr. Sci. Technol., 2018, 6(2), 46-51

Adrian, Saura-Sanmartin., Laura, Andreu-Ardil. (2023). Stereoselective synthesis of β-lactams: recent examples.. Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 21(16):3296-3306. doi: 10.1039/d3ob00309d



Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

An Introduction to Spectroscopy Techniques and Their Applications in Analysis

 Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It is a technique used to analyze the composition and structure of matter by examining how light or other electromagnetic radiation is absorbed, emitted, or scattered by that matter. A spectrometer is an instrument used to measure spectra. It can split light into its constituent wavelengths and measure the intensity at each wavelength.  A spectrophotometer is a specific type of spectrometer that measures the intensity of light as a function of wavelength. It can be used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection of light. A spectroscope is a simple spectrometer used to observe spectral lines and bands. It usually consists of a prism or diffraction grating to disperse light and view a spectrum. A spectrograph is a spectroscope that can record the spectrum onto a photographic plate or detector. It produces a spectral graph or spectrogram. Spectra refers to the characteristi...
Post a Comment
Read more

Exploring the Wonders of Chemistry in Space

Introduction: Chemistry is the fundamental science that bridges the gap between the basic building blocks of matter and the vast complexities of the universe. When we look beyond our planet and into the intriguing realm of space, we discover a whole new dimension where chemistry plays a crucial role in shaping and understanding the cosmos. From the composition of stars and planets to the formation of complex molecules in interstellar space, the study of chemistry in space unveils a myriad of fascinating phenomena that continue to capture the curiosity of scientists and space enthusiasts alike. Chemistry of the Cosmos: One of the most captivating aspects of chemistry in space is the composition of celestial bodies. Stars, for example, are gigantic fusion reactors where hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium, releasing tremendous amounts of energy in the process. This nuclear fusion process not only powers the star but also gives rise to heavier elements through nuclear reactions, u...
Post a Comment
Read more