ORGANIC SYNTHESIS INSIGHT

Chromatography is a powerful analytical technique used to separate and analyze complex mixtures. This post will provide an overview of some common chromatography methods, their principles, steps, uses and examples. What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a laboratory technique in which a mixture is separated into its individual components. It relies on the differential distribution of the sample components between a moving fluid mobile phase and a stationary phase to achieve separation. Chromatography Definition: Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture into its constituent parts.  Stationary Phase : The stationary phase is the immobile phase fixed in place in a chromatography column. It can be a solid or liquid. Mobile Phase: The mobile phase is the solvent that moves through the chromatography column carrying the sample.  1. Affinity Chromatography - Principle: Based on specific biological interactions between antibody and antigen, enzyme and substra

 Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. It is a technique used to analyze the composition and structure of matter by examining how light or other electromagnetic radiation is absorbed, emitted, or scattered by that matter. A spectrometer is an instrument used to measure spectra. It can split light into its constituent wavelengths and measure the intensity at each wavelength.  A spectrophotometer is a specific type of spectrometer that measures the intensity of light as a function of wavelength. It can be used to measure the absorption, transmission, or reflection of light. A spectroscope is a simple spectrometer used to observe spectral lines and bands. It usually consists of a prism or diffraction grating to disperse light and view a spectrum. A spectrograph is a spectroscope that can record the spectrum onto a photographic plate or detector. It produces a spectral graph or spectrogram. Spectra refers to the characteristic pattern

The Suzuki coupling is a cross-coupling reaction used to form new carbon-carbon bonds between an aryl or vinyl boronic acid and an aryl or vinyl halide catalyzed by a palladium complex.  The Suzuki coupling reaction couples aryl halides and arylboronic acids to form biaryl compounds. This versatile C-C bond forming reaction has been widely studied to expand its scope and improve efficiency. Various catalytic systems have been explored, including photocatalytic coupling using palladium catalysts, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of fluoroarenes, and nickel-catalyzed variants as a more earth-abundant option. Solvent selection and greener processing conditions have also been evaluated. These diverse Suzuki coupling approaches have enabled numerous applications from protein modification to the synthesis of complex polyaromatic structures. Ongoing work continues to optimize Suzuki coupling for different substrates and reaction conditions to enhance the sustainability, efficiency, and selectivity of

Beta-lactams are an essential antibiotic drug class produced by both fermentation and synthetic methods. Their unique reactivity enables the generation of novel compounds for pharmaceutical applications. Beta-lactams are an important class of compounds in biological and synthetic chemistry. They are commonly used as antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Beta-lactams work by inhibiting penicillin-binding proteins that are crucial for bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Most beta-lactams are produced by fermentation or modification of fermented intermediates, except for carbapenems and aztreonam which require synthetic routes. The reactivity of the beta-lactam ring has been widely studied, making it a useful substrate in synthetic organic chemistry. The ring can be opened through various reactions to generate new biologically relevant compounds. Efficient synthesis of new beta-lactams can be achieved from amidines using promoters like bismuth, indium, and copper salts. Diverse C4-N-su

  Anusandhan National Research Foundation Act 2023 An Act to provide for the registration and regulation of a financially research ecosystem, and open scientific research activities for the private sector in the India in accordance with the National Education Policy guideline. Enacted by Parliament of India Assented to 15 August 2023 Commenced 1 December 2023 Bill citation No. 25 2023 Status:  In force (5th Feb 2024) https://dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/NRF.pdf 

 Here are some of the top AI tools that can be useful for scientists and teachers: For Scientists: - AI Lab Tools - Enables scientists to easily build, train, and deploy machine learning models without coding. - Transcriptic - Provides robotic cloud laboratories for remote biological experimentation. Enables automation of pipetting, instrumentation, and data collection. - Atomwise - Uses deep learning for structure-based small molecule drug discovery. Can predict novel drug candidates.  - Arterys - FDA-cleared medical imaging analytics platform that automates analysis of MRIs and CT scans. - Benchling - Cloud-based software platform that helps manage laboratory data and automate research workflows. - Sophia Genetics - Leverages AI to help diagnose genetic diseases, cancers, and complex disorders. - SciBite - Text analytics to help extract insights from unstructured scientific data like research papers and reports. For Teachers: - Socratic - AI tutoring app that provides personalized le

Writing and Publishing a Research Article Publishing research articles is critical for scientists, scholars, and academics to advance knowledge and their careers. But writing a compelling research paper that clearly communicates your study and findings is easier said than done. In this blog post, I'll share tips on how to craft an impactful research article. Choose the Right Journal Selecting the optimal journal to submit to is an important first step. Consider the aim, readership, and types of articles published in potential journals. Choosing a journal that aligns with your research topic and approach signals relevancy to editors and reviewers. Identifying the right outlet sets your article up for success. Structure with IMRAD Organize your article using the standard IMRAD format - Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion. This structure helps logically convey key parts of your study. The introduction orients readers to the research area, gaps in knowledge, and your specifi

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