Skip to main content

Flippin–Lodge Angle

The Flippin–Lodge angle (FL angle) is one of two angles used by organic and biological chemists studying the relationship between the structure of molecules and ways that they react, for a particular common type of chemical reaction. The angles—the Bürgi–Dunitz (BD) and the Flippin–Lodge (FL)—describe the "angle of attack" of an electron-rich reactant, the nucleophile, with an electron-poor reactant, an electrophile, in particular when the latter is planar in shape. This is called a nucleophilic addition reaction and it is plays a central role in the biological chemistry taking place in the biosyntheses of metabolism, and is a central reaction "tool" in the toolkit of modern organic chemistry for constructing new molecules such as pharmaceuticals. Theory and use of these angles falls into the specialty of physical organic chemistry, which deals with chemical structure and reaction mechanism, in particular, the area called structure correlation.

[more at wikipedia]


  • Heathcock, C.H. (1990) Understanding and controlling diastereofacial selectivity in carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions, Aldrichimica Acta 23(4):94-111, esp. p. 101. [http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/content/dam/sigma-aldrich/docs/Aldrich/Acta/al_acta_23_04.pdf
  • Fleming, Ian (2010) Molecular Orbitals and Organic Chemical Reactions: Reference Edition, John Wiley and Sons, pp. 214–215.
  • Comments

    Popular posts from this blog

    Mendeley for Chemistry: The Ultimate Guide to Organize and Manage Your Research

    Keeping track of your research is a difficult task for any chemist or scientist. You need to be able to access your articles, take notes on them, and find them again quickly if you need to reference them at a later date. If you’re looking for the ultimate guide to Mendeley for chemistry researchers, this article will get you started on the right path. Mendeley is not just a document manager or reader; it’s a complete solution for managing research and collaborating with fellow scientists from all over the world. This article covers everything you need to know about Mendeley for chemistry researchers and how it can be used to manage your research more efficiently. What is Mendeley? Mendeley enables you to organize your research papers and PDFs, create and collaborate with others, and discover new research. It has a desktop and mobile app that can be used on pretty much any device. It’s available in 20 languages and used by more than 40 million people globally. There are a number of re